Blog Archive

Thursday, 28 February 2019

Gravity Domain

Can't really remember if I posted this before. But here we go!


Gravity Domain
Granted Powers: You can increase or decrease an object’s weight by 50%; you can use these abilities a total number of times per day equal to 3 + your Charisma modifier.


0. Minor Gravity Resistance
1. Delay Gravity
2. Increased Gravity
3. Negate Gravity
4. Gravity Arc
5. Null Gravity
6. Centre of Gravity
7. Reverse Gravity
8. Gravity’s Full Weight
9. Gravity Well


Minor Gravity Resistance
Transmutation
Level: Clr 0, Sor/Wiz 0
Components: V, S
Casting Time: 1 free action
Range: Medium (100 ft. + 10 ft./level)
Targets: One Large or smaller freefalling object  
Duration: 1 round/level
Saving Throw: None
Spell Resistance: Yes
An object no heavier than ten pounds will float in midair. The caster can move the object by grasping it and moving it normally, but when they take their hand off the item, it will stay put. If another creature moves the object, it will move as normal, but, the spell end. Used by some spellcaster while drinking in pubs, or for reading spells from scrolls.


Delay Gravity
Transmutation
Level: Clr 1, Sor/Wiz 1
Components: V, S
Casting Time: 1 swift action
Range: Medium (100 ft. + 10 ft./level)
Targets: One Large or smaller creature  
Duration: 1 round/level
Saving Throw: Will negates (harmless)
Spell Resistance: Yes
This spell leaves the target hanging in midair, for the subject is temporarily immune to the effects of gravity. Unless they are able to touch an object to direct their movement, or until acted upon by another creature or force (rope, weapon, etc) the subject is unable to move from their suspended position.


Increased Gravity
Transmutation
Level: Clr 2, Sor/Wiz 2
Components: V, S
Casting Time: 1 standard action
Range: Medium (100 ft. + 10 ft./level)
Targets: One Large or smaller freefalling object  
Duration: 1 min/level
Saving Throw: Will negates (harmless)
Spell Resistance: Yes
This spell increases the effects from gravity, making it difficult to move. Any creature that fails it's saving throw, will have their movement reduced by ten however it can never less than 5 ft per round. It also imposes a -5 skill penalty on all movement or dexterity based skills. All missile attacks will likewise take a -2 penalty during this period. The caster affects an additional person for every three caster levels.


Negate Gravity
Transmutation
Level: Clr 3, Sor/Wiz 3
Components: V, S, M
Casting Time: 1 standard action
Range: Close (20 ft. + 5 ft./level)
Targets: One Large or smaller freefalling object  
Duration: 10 min/level
Saving Throw: None
Spell Resistance: Yes
This spell negates gravity, or more specifically the effects of weight on any one object or all objects within a 10 feet radius as designated by the caster. The original weight affected can be no more than 100 pounds per caster level. The spells seems to be designed to assist adventurers in the looting of lairs. This spell will not reduce weight for the effects of other spell limits, such as the listed weight for teleportation. Objects affected by this spell also inflict no damage if thrown or if it falls on a creature. The material component for casting this spell is a one pound or heavier paperweight which is destroyed in the casting.


Gravity Arc
Telekinesis
Level: Clr 4, Sor/Wiz 4
Components: V, S
Casting Time: 1 swift action
Range: Medium (100 ft. + 1 ft./level)
Targets: One Large or smaller object  
Duration: 1 round/level
Saving Throw: None
Spell Resistance: No
This spell enables manipulation of a moving object’s gravity by increasing or decreasing its speed. If an item is sped up, such as an arrow or rock, the damage inflicted is multiplied by 1.5 and any reflex save to avoid is increased in difficulty by +4.  If used to slow an item down, it will either half damage or add +4 to a reflex saving throw as the danger becomes much easier to avoid, whichever the manifester chooses. Only objects, which have no natural means of movement, can be affected by this power, living creatures, undead or constructs are immune to the effect. The caster can affect any one object for the duration of the spell; but if they do so, they are unable to cast another spell that round as it requires all of their focus.


Null Gravity
Transmutation
Level: Clr 5, Sor/Wiz 5
Components: V, S
Casting Time: 1 standard action
Range: Medium (100 ft. + 1 ft./level)
Area: Up to one 10-ft. cube per two levels (S)
Duration: 1 min/level
Saving Throw: None
Spell Resistance: No
This spell creates an area where the effects of gravity are nullified, there is no up or down in this area of weightlessness. Objects less than twenty pounds, not affixed will start to float upwards. Creatures immediately feel lighter in weight, they gain +20 to all movement based skills (jump, climb, balance, etc). Creatures who jump for height reach their maximum height but will then hang in the air. Creatures moving in a downward direction have the effects of a featherfall spell on them. If caught midair, they are affected as if a delay gravity spell has been cast on them.  While useful in an outdoor setting, inside a building or in an underground setting the spell is devastating effect; as characters can jump off the walls or ceiling, using their momentum to inflict greater damage, or to attack and then jump upwards to get away!


Centre of Gravity
Transmutation
Level: Clr 6, Sor/Wiz 6
Components: V, S, M
Casting Time: 1 standard action
Range: Medium (200 ft.+100 ft / 3 levels higher than 12)
Area: Up to one 10-ft. cube per two levels (S)
Duration: 1 round/level
Saving Throw: None; see text
Spell Resistance: No
This spell changes the flow of gravity, instead of everything falling down, objects “fall” towards a centered point of gravity as defined by the spellcaster at the rate of 60 feet per round, even if they have to fall upwards to do so. This point must be a stationary point or person within the range of the spell. Objects of less than 20 pounds will automatically move towards the centre of gravity. Provided it has something to hold onto, a creature caught in the area can attempt a reflex save to secure itself when the spell effect happens.
Creatures gain their size adjustment to resist the effect of this spell.
If this spell is centered on a person, the subject gets a will save to avoid the effect. If cast on a creature, the feel no negative effects from gravity, however, they will take 1d10 damage from random debris hitting them. If weapons or animals fly towards them, adjudicate normally.
The spellcaster is immune to the effects of this spell for the first round only, after that point however, they can grab onto an object to prevent themselves from falling. Bracing yourself and not moving will give a +4 to a creature’s reflex saving throw.  Any round, when a creature or object is not fully tethered, they risk making the reflex check to avoid being dragged towards the centre point. Any round a character moves faster than 1/3 their normal base speed they must make an additional reflex check. Creatures who can fly or levitate can keep themselves from falling; but if they move more than 1/3 their normal fly speed, they must make the save.
There is nothing intrinsically dangerous or lethal about this spell, creatures or objects are simply forced to move towards the center of the gravity well; however, a cunning a spellcaster will position the centre of gravity down a pit where spikes, poisonous snakes or much worse awaits.
The material component for casting this spell is a small iron ball which is dropped; when the ball hits the ground the spell is cast. If the ball is caught or is prevented from hitting the ground/floor, the spell is effected negated.


Reverse Gravity: 7th lev Spell (see SRD for more details)


Gravity’s Full Weight
Transmutation
Level: Clr 8, Sor/Wiz 8
Components: V, S, M
Casting Time: 1 standard action
Range: Close (20 ft. + 5 ft./level)
Targets: One Large or smaller freefalling object  
Duration: Permanent
Saving Throw: Fort Negates
Spell Resistance: Yes
This spell increases a creature and all the objects they weigh 500%, preventing most creatures from either using weapons or even moving.  This spell is often cast when their target is in water or ice, causing them to crash downwards. The material component for this spell is a bullette scale.


Gravity Well
Transmutation
Level: Clr 9, Sor/Wiz 9
Components: V, S, M
Casting Time: 1 standard action
Range: 300 ft radius
Duration: Three Rounds
Saving Throw: None; see text
Spell Resistance: Yes
This spell changes the flow of gravity, similar to centre gravity, except the new gravity point is within a planar gate, and anything that fails their saving throw gets thrown into a random spot on a new plane as designated by the spellcaster. Objects of less than 20 pounds will automatically move towards the centre of gravity. Provided it has something to hold onto, a creature caught in the area can attempt a reflex save to secure itself when the spell effect happens. Creatures who can fly or levitate can gain no advantage from their flight.  Creatures gain their grapple size adjustment to resist the effect of this spell.
Characters bracing themselves and not moving will give a +4 to a creature’s reflex saving throw.  Any round, when a creature or object is not fully tethered, they risk making the reflex check to avoid being dragged towards the centre point. Any round a character moves faster than 1/3 their normal base speed they must make an additional reflex check to avoid being lost to the force of gravity. The spellcaster and anyone touching the spellcaster for the full three rounds are immune to the effects of this spell; but if the touch ends for a moment, the creature must make a saving throw as normal.
The material component for casting this spell is a small ball comprised of a material from the plane that the spell would send their victims to, otherwise, this spell material works the same as the centre gravity spell.


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On a sidenote, I used swift action and not free action because of a decision my players and I made together. Spells, like featherfall, should be considered swift, because you can cast them when it’s not your turn but this also prevents you from being able to cast more than one spell a round. If the general feeling among the critics on this board is that it should be left as a free action, I will make the change!

Chavon (Wild, Jungle or Green Elf) Green-skinned & haired wild elf

These are the Jungle elves native to the Sea of Stones location in my game world. Seen as savage by settled peoples, as they disdain organized culture or societal trappings.  While allies say they reject anything that brings harm to the environment, others say it's just as much about boredom and repeated foibles. They ally to those who adventure and fight the same causes as themselves. While many have magical skills they are more renown for their skills with bow and forest subterfuge.

Chavon (Jungle Elf)

Medium Size Humanoid
Hit Dice: 2d8 (10 hp)
Initiative: +2
Speed: 30 ft
AC: 16 (+2 Dex, +4 leaf armor), 12 touch, 12 flat-footed

Base Attack/Grapple: +2 / +2
Attack: +5 Bow (1d6) or +2 Short Sword (1d6)
Full Attack: +5 Bow (1d6) or +2 Short Sword (1d6)
Space/Reach: 5 ft / 5 ft

Special Qualities: Chavon Traits
Saves: Fort: +2, Ref: +3, Wis: +1
Abilities: Str 12, Dex: 15, Con: 10, Int: 12, Wis: 10, Cha: 13
Skills: Climb +4, Perception +5, Perform (Sing and Dance) +5, Hide +5

Feats: Weapon Focus (Bows)
Environment: Sea of Stones
Organization: Hunting Party (11-20) or Tribe (100-400)
Challenge Rating: 1+
Treasure: Standard

Alignment: Usually Chaotic Neutral (40% tend toward Good)
Advancement: By character class
Level Adjustment: +1
Base Level: 2 HD, Typical NPC Level 5-8 HD

Your compatriots are already dead, pierced by a dozen arrows from this deadly green skinned archer.

Slender, green skinned elves that live in the jungle forests of the sea of stones. Most wear green camouflage clothing or cloaks covered by leaves and other foliage to better their subterfuge. Most have dark green skin, and light green hair.

Elusive and extremely chaotic, they shun laws or anything else that attempt to control or enslave others. Their society rejects permanent settlements preferring to live as nomads, in harmony with nature and their animal cohorts. Most tend to be vegetarians, but they as a society allow the individual to choose - this is the same as all other important life choices.

Their enemies call them savage but their allies see them as a graceful and loving people who openly display emotions and never hesitate to fight for the causes they believe in. The Chavon don war-paint, leafy armor and sing wondrous battle cries before combat, after combat or when involved in any major activity.

The Chavon have many more children in comparison with other elven-kin but oddly baby elves have never been seen. Many outside the tribe believe the young are the spirits of the fallen reincarnated within the forest, another theory is that they are actually plant humanoids and are grown in the ground as pods until old enough to walk. They will often welcome the children of allies or even their foes into their tribe, until they are claimed or ready to make a decision. Chavon strongly value the option of choices over any specific one.

One of the few elven peoples that have both barbarians and spell-casters in their families, most societies tend to go one way, but the Chavon believe it is best for the individual to chart their own course. Their light green skin is a result of both their eating habits and rituals - most go to a dark tan if removed from their jungle environment. Lighter skinned elves will change colour if they live with the Chavon and follow the same rituals, tactics and eating habits.

Combat

Chavon have many tactics, but they often mesh illusions, animal companions with the use of their
bows for lightning fast guerrilla strikes before retreating to safety.

Chavon Racial Elf abilities by level:

+2 Dexterity, +2 Charisma, –2 Constitution: Elves are fast in body and spirit, but their physical form is weaker.

Medium: Elves are Medium creatures and have no bonuses or penalties due to their size.

Normal Speed: Elves have a base speed of 30 feet.

Low-Light Vision: Elves can see twice as far as humans in conditions of dim light.

Elven Immunities: Elves are immune to magic sleep effects and get a +2 racial saving throw bonus against enchantment and illusion spells and effects.

Elven Sharp-Eye: Elves receive a +2 racial bonus to confirm critical attacks on archery style attacks

Keen Senses: Elves receive a +2 racial bonus on Perception skill checks.

Weapon Familiarity: Elves are proficient with longbows, longswords, rapiers, and shortbows, and treat any weapon with the word "elven" in its name as a martial weapon.

Languages: Elves begin play speaking Common, Fey and Elven. Elves with high Intelligence scores can choose from the following: Celestial, Gnoll, Gnome, Goblin, Minotaur, and Phaetox for any extra languages

Optional Bonus for all Chavon *
1st level: Treat as fey if a spell or effect is beneficial to fey, otherwise as humanoid
1st Level: Immune to charm person spells
1st Level: Gain +5 on Perform or Stealth Skill Checks
2nd Level: Jump (level X 10 ft; total excess distance they can jump per day)
3rd Level: +1 / level to survival checks in Jungle Forest  
4th Level: Cat Climb & Cat-Fall (level X 20 ft / HD); +3 to confirm critical attacks with bow
6th Level: +20 to hide checks in Jungle Forest (when not in medium or heavier armor)
8th Level: Non-Detection in Jungle Forest areas; +6 to confirm critical attacks with bow
10th Level: Freedom of Movement in Jungle Forest areas

If these optional abilities are gained, they are +1 ECL; if they are not taken +0 ECL 
Favored Classes: Barbarian, Bard, Druid, Ranger, Rogue, Sorcerer, Wizard (Illusionist or Enchanter).

Tuesday, 26 February 2019

Stone Ball (Round Puppy)

Stone Ball (Round Puppy)

Medium-Size Elemental
Hit Dice: 1d8+3 (7 hp)
Initiative: +1
Speed: 50 ft.
AC: 15 (+3 Dex, +2 Natural), touch 5, flat-footed 5
Attacks: Smash +3 melee
Damage: Smash 1d6+1
Face/Reach: 5 ft. by 5 ft
Special Attacks:
Special Qualities: Blindsight, Immune to Mind Effects
Saves: Fort +2, Ref +0 Will +0
Abilities: Str 12, Dex 12, Con 16, Int 4, Wis 10, Cha 13
Skills: Survival +8
Feats: Sniffing (+5 to survival checks involving tracking a living creature)
Climate/Terrain: Any land or Undearearth
Organization: Solitary
Challenge Rating: 1
Treasure: None
Alignment: Always neutral (80% tend towards NG)
Advancement: By Class (Bard, Fighter, Druid, Artificier)

While not particularly large or threatening, this is a perfectly round stone ball that is mentally attached to an owner, usually a spell-caster and circles its owner looking for playtime. It barks and sniffs like any puppy, except this is a stone sphere. It fiercely protects their owners, just like a puppy would.

If mentally questioned, it has the intelligence and interests of a standard puppy, protecting its owner, playtime and treats. It seems to be from the elemental plane of earth, but no one is quite sure how it comes to be a spell-casters familiar.

Monday, 25 February 2019

Spirelands Wizard Prestige Class


One of the first Prestige Classes I created more than ten years ago, as apart of a whole group of spell-casters based on their region of origin. Inspired by a image I saw long ago of a spell-caster surrounded by magical energy which in my gaming vernacular is called frequency.

Spirelands Wizard Prestige Class

Role: The frequency flows wild in the spirelands, and the rise and fall of the magic influences those who practice the art. The energy you need to cast your spells is all around you, and you can quickly gather the energy in many differing ways. Some directly tap into the frequency, others use their own stamina or power – but all for the same deadly effect.

Spire wizards have great flexibility in their craft, but this comes at a tremendous price, spire wizards cannot subtly cast spells, it is an obvious to anyone in the area.

Requirements: Spellcraft +5; Knowledge (Local - Spirelands) +5

Hindrances: Summoning magical energy is an obvious act, unable to surprise anyone.
Cannot take a familiar.
Never learn to scribe scrolls
May not take other meta-magic feats until they master this style
All spells have a somatic component

Benefits: May use whichever is higher (Int, Con, Cha) to determine spell effects.
Use no spell components until 7th level (Class level)

1st level: Concentration +1 / level.
2nd level Hear Frequency
3rd level: Extended Casting I (First level spell only)
4th level: Ignore Lesser Injury
5th level: Silent Spell
6th level: Extended Casting II (Second level spell only)
7th level: Ignore Greater Injury
8th level: Craft Talisman
9th level: Extended Casting III (Third level spell only)
10th level: Recapture Spell

Concentration: Spire wizards are deeply focused on their magical craft, thus they gain +1 per
level on their ability to concentrate on spellcasting.

Hear Frequency: You hear the magical frequency, and are aware of magic in all its forms at all times. You are not always able to recognize the type of magic beyond arcane, divine or psionic. If it is an obvious magic, no action is needed, otherwise simple concentrattion is enough.

Ignore Lesser Injury: Can ignore the pain caused by lesser injuries (max 25% of their hp) able to cast a spell normally without making a concentration check once a day.

Ignore Greater Injury: Can ignore the pain caused by significant injuries (max 50% of their hp) able to cast a spell normally without making a concentration check once a day.

Extended Spell-casting I: If able to spend one minute per spell level, a spire caster is able to slowly build up the energy before casting. By casting in this way they do not lose the magical energy impression in their minds, thus they do not lose this spell from their current spell repertoire. If a wizard in under duress, they are unable to benefit from this effect. Likewise, if they are interrupted at any point while preparing to cast, they lose the benefit and the memorized spell.

Silent Spell: Per standard feat

Craft Talisman: Per Nysarian meta-magic feats.

Recapture Spell Energy: Once a day, if able to make a Spellcraft check (DC 15+ level of spell X three) they are able to recapture spell energy that they have already cast.

Sunday, 24 February 2019

Neth Canyon, Encounter Table Plus History

This is an area I haven't fully explored in game. I know it is apart of a once prosperous mining area that helped support a formerly strong military operation. The Phaetox (Lawful, Flamed Winged Humanoids that are incapable of lieing) were in wars with the miners after they realized it was a lost cause, but I haven't determined exactly why - yet. There are lots of people struggling to earn a living, they are extremely hostile to anyone trying to steal their claims. Some monsters are frozen both in Callite (think Calcium), Ice or something else.

Most times this is simply a launch-off point for adventurers, asking to ferry or protect miners either going in or going out of the canyon..

Neth Canyon

The Neth is a legendary dangerous mining region in the the Sal-Venth region within the Lower Spirelands. It was once apart of the Cortezan Empire, as one of several prosperous regions that had strong regional representation on the Corzan High Counsel. Once the wars with the Phaetorox peoples began, taxes and militarization increased to continually beef up defenses. At some point the valleys Drel mines no longer turned a profit, as the cost of patrols far exceeded what could be culled from the mining and most of the operations slowly shut down.

Individual mining groups persisted for a long while, hoping to strike a Drel vein so rich that it could be maintained but none did for long. It is a place where many believe a fortune can be made, if they are lucky enough or quick enough or can elude the patrols. But others - old soldiers and miners alike, believe the danger is never worth it, as the Phaetox are relentless, and execute anyone they find. The Phaetox state their reasons plainly without passion, having settlers in these canyons cause them problems. They certainly know the usefulness of Drel, and in the past fortunes were made but their people pay the price for the miners disturbing the lethal havar and are no longer willing to pay the high price, so they do what must be done to shut all operations down.

Yet, while large operations shut down, small groups still go into the valley looking for veins or lost stockpiles of both minerals and other stuff. Even more bizarre, because of it's long continual history of mining, this is one of the places most known by planar travelers, so it is one spot outsiders can come as it is on their (outdated) astral maps. They often come into abandoned towers for a few weeks, rest up, resupply and then head out again. All obelisks in the valley are larger, more complex with significantly more potential for arcana than average ones found in most cities. .

Multiple small towns still eke out a living, trading and supplying the carvans or traders that still go into the valley. Many are independent, run by those who reside there, they strongly avoid entanglements with larger empires or nations . No empire technically runs the land but the local Phaetox Vuvarix try to control travel what goes into and out of the valley but unless trouble happens leave well enough alone.

  %           Finding
01-02 Undead (See Table Below)
03-04 Verrik (1d3, 4-6 HD, LE or LN)
05-06 Jackalla (2d5, 4-6HD, LN)
07-09 Giant (1d3, Cloud or Ice)
10-12 Wagon (80% Derelict, 20% Damaged) 13-14 Goblinoid    (40% Bugbear, 60% Goblin; 2d6)
15-16 Tame (1-2) 17-20 Clockwork (2-4; Miner or Defender) 21-22 Elemental Wave (1d3, Medium to Large Elementals)
23 Black Spectator (Usually 4-5 eyes, # 1-2) 24-25 Chund (5-8) 26-27 Manticore (1-2) 28-30 Harpy (1-2) or Gargoyles (5-8) 31-32 Minotaur Gang (3-4) 33-34 Slassan Hunters
35-36 Ice Hag 37-39 Miner Camp (11-20, Roll on Humanoid Table) 40-46 Bandits (11-20, Roll on Humanoid Table) 47-60 Patrol (11-20, Roll on Humanoid Table) 61-62 Merchants (21-40, Roll on Humanoid Table) 63-64 Trolls (3-4);67-68 Dire Animal (Ape, Bear, Tiger, Wolf)
69-70 Lycanthrope (Bear, Boar, Tiger, Wolf) 71-72 Ter Falcanna or Griffon 73-76 Fey (1d4, Nymph, Pixie, Sprite, Oread, Sylph) 77-78 Cyclops
79-80 Wyvern or Ythrak 81-82 Harrid
83 Snow Cloakers 84-86 Displacer Beast 87-88 Ogre (3-4) 89-90 Grey Render 91-92 Ice Piercers or Other Hazard * 93-94 Psider 95-96 Callanna 97-98 Lillend or Ramadeen 99-100 Drel Mine Site, (20% Small or 80% Abandoned; Roll on Humanoid Table) 101-104 Small Village (Humanoid, 50-200, roll on humanoid table) 105-108 Patrol (Good or Neutra,l; Roll on Humanoid Table) 109-114 Bandits (Neutral or Evil; Roll on Humanoid Table) 115-120 Religious Procession (11-20; Roll on Humanoid Table)
121-130 Circus or Band (31-50; Roll on Humanoid Table)
131-140 Wizard Tower or Location (Choose Humanoid Table; Number 1-6) 140+ Abandoned Drel Mine Site; Roll on Humanoid Table;

Roll % dice, add to the last number rolled.
After you roll over 80, start again at 0 Base


Humanoid  
Roll 2d10 first time starting at "0", if under 11 Roll 2d10 again at "0", if over 11 then Roll 1d12
2-4.     Dwarf         (LN, # 11-20, CR 2+)
5-6.     Lizardith    (N, #2d6, CR 2+, Fighter, Rogue, Monk, Druid)
7.         Ratfolk        (CR 1+, N, # 9-16,  Small Rat like humanoids)
8.    Gnomes    (CR 2+, # 2d10; NG% Miners or Craftsmen, 3d4)
9.    Githzerai    (NG; 50% Warriors; 50% Monks, 2d4)
10-11 Elven Patrol  (CR 5+, N(G), # 12-18)
12-13 Fey Band   (NG; 50% Rogues; 25% Rangers, 25% Bards, 2d4)
14        Clockwork
15 -17 Phaetox Patrols  (LN, #5-8, Lev 2-4)
18    Tengu Traders CR 2+, N(E), # 1-10
19.  Human Traders CR 5+, N, # 11-30
20.      Orynix Hunters (CR 2+, N, # 5-8, Silver Horned Humanoids)

21.   Catfolk,         (CR 2+, N, #1d8)
22.   Shabti             CR 1+, N, #1d3 Golden Humanoids, reborn
23.   Nagaji            CR 1+, LN, #5-8 Reptillian Snake Humanoid
24+   Charr              CR 1., CN, #1d8 Ritually scarred humanoid


Undead
2 Wight
3 Wraith
4 Ghoul or Ghast
5 Shadow
6 Corpse Wraith
07-10  Cadaver *
11 Mummy (CR 4 - as Swamp Mummy)
12 Necrocraft
13 Unfinished *
14  Flesh Ghoul
15  Restless - Undead Template (Roll on Humanoid Table)
16  Jackalla  (Undead Hunters, 1d3, 4-6 HD, LN)